Lesson 12

Health

Here is a list of vocabulary related to health:

General health

• Health: The state of being physically, mentally, and socially well.
• Well-being: A state of being comfortable, healthy, and happy.
• Fitness: The state of being physically healthy and strong.
• Lifestyle: The way a person lives, including their habits and choices.
• Prevention: The act of taking steps to stop something from happening.

Physical health

• Body: The physical part of a person.
• Organ: A part of the body that has a specific function.
• Tissue: A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
• Cell: The smallest basic unit of life.
• Blood: A red liquid that circulates throughout the body and carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells.
• Bone: A hard tissue that forms the skeleton of the body.
• Muscle: A soft tissue that allows the body to move.
• Nerve: A thin bundle of fibers that carries messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

Mental health

• Mind: The part of a person that thinks, feels, and remembers.
• Emotion: A strong feeling, such as happiness, sadness, or anger.
• Behavior: The way a person acts.
• Mood: A person’s general feeling of happiness or sadness.
• Stress: A feeling of pressure or worry.
• Anxiety: A feeling of worry or fear.
• Depression: A feeling of sadness and hopelessness.

Common health problems

• Infection: A disease caused by bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms.
• Injury: Damage to the body caused by an accident, fall, or other event.
• Chronic disease: A disease that lasts for a long time and cannot be cured.
• Mental health disorder: A condition that affects a person’s thinking, emotions, and behavior.

Health care

• Doctor: A person who is qualified to diagnose and treat diseases.
• Nurse: A person who is trained to help doctors and care for patients.
• Hospital: A place where people go to receive medical treatment.
• Clinic: A small medical facility that typically provides outpatient care.
• Medication: A drug that is used to treat or prevent a disease.
• Surgery: A medical procedure in which a doctor cuts open the body to repair or remove damaged tissue.

This is just a small sample of the vocabulary related to health. There are many other terms that you may encounter when discussing health topics or interacting with healthcare professionals.

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. This is the definition provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) in its constitution.

Health is a complex concept that is influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, environment, lifestyle, and access to healthcare. It is important to note that health is not simply the absence of disease, but also the ability to function well in all aspects of life.

The WHO’s definition of health emphasizes the importance of mental and social well-being, as well as physical health. Mental well-being refers to a state of mind in which a person feels good about themselves and their ability to cope with the stresses of life. Social well-being refers to a person’s relationships with others and their sense of belonging to a community.

There are many things that people can do to improve their health, such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, getting enough sleep, and managing stress. It is also important to see a doctor for regular checkups and preventive care.

Here are some examples of what good health might look like:

• Having a strong immune system and being able to fight off infection
• Having good energy levels and feeling able to participate in activities that you enjoy
• Having a positive attitude and outlook on life
• Being able to manage stress and cope with difficult situations
• Having strong relationships with family and friends
• Feeling connected to your community and having a sense of purpose in life

Overall, health is a state of well-being that allows people to live their lives to the fullest. It is important to take care of your physical, mental, and social health in order to maintain good health throughout your life.

List of the parts of the body:

This is not an exhaustive list, but it includes the major parts of the human body.

We use the word “ache” to describe health problems because it is a general term for pain. Pain is a common symptom of many different health conditions, so “ache” is a convenient way to describe it.

The word “ache” also has a specific connotation of a dull, throbbing pain. This type of pain is often associated with muscle aches, headaches, and other common health problems.

Here are some examples of how we use the word “ache” to describe health problems:

• I have a headache.
• My back aches.
• My muscles ache.
• I have a stomachache.
• I have a toothache.

We can also use the word “ache” to describe more general feelings of pain or discomfort. For example, we might say “I feel achy all over” if we are feeling unwell.

Overall, the word “ache” is a versatile term that can be used to describe a variety of health problems. It is a convenient way to talk about pain, especially when we are not sure what is causing it.

Here are some reasons why we might use the word “ache” to describe health problems:

• It is a general term that can be used to describe a variety of pain symptoms.
• It has a specific connotation of a dull, throbbing pain, which is often associated with common health problems.
• It is a convenient way to talk about pain, especially when we are not sure what is causing it.
• It is a familiar and easy-to-understand word.

It is important to note that the word “ache” is not a medical term, and it should not be used to self-diagnose a health problem. If you are experiencing pain or other health problems, it is important to see a doctor for a diagnosis and treatment plan.

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Uses for “Should”

The word “should” can be used in a variety of ways, but it is most commonly used to:

• Give advice or make recommendations. For example, you might say “You should eat more fruits and vegetables” or “You should see a doctor about your cough.”
• Express obligation or necessity. For example, you might say “I should finish this report before I go home” or “Students should arrive to class on time.”
• Talk about expectations or what is considered appropriate. For example, you might say “Children should be respectful to their elders” or “Employees should dress professionally for work.”
• Make predictions or express hypotheticals. For example, you might say “If it rains, we should stay inside” or “If I had a million dollars, I should buy a house.”

Here are some examples of how the word “should” can be used in sentences:

• You should exercise regularly to stay healthy.
• Students should pay attention in class and complete their assignments.
• Employees should be polite and helpful to customers.
• If you are sick, you should stay home from work or school.
• If I had a time machine, I should go back in time and change some things.

The word “should” can also be used to express politeness or caution. For example, you might say “I should go now” to let someone know that you need to leave, or you might say “You should be careful” to warn someone of a potential hazard.

Overall, the word “should” is a versatile word that can be used to convey a variety of meanings. It is important to consider the context in which the word is being used in order to understand its intended meaning.

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Uses for “Have To”

The phrase “have to” is used to express obligation, necessity, or compulsion. It is often used to talk about things that we must do, even if we don’t want to.

Here are some examples of how to use “have to” in sentences:

• I have to go to work today.
• You have to brush your teeth before bed.
• We have to finish this project by the end of the week.
• She has to take her medicine every day.
• He has to go to court tomorrow.

“Have to” can also be used to express hypothetical situations or to give advice. For example:

• If you want to get a good job, you have to study hard.
• You should have to go to the doctor if you’re not feeling well.
• I have to go to the grocery store, but I don’t want to.

“Have to” is a very common phrase in English, and it can be used in a variety of contexts. It is important to note that “have to” can also be used to express a strong desire or need to do something. For example:

• I have to have that new dress!
• You have to try this new restaurant.

In these cases, “have to” is used to convey a sense of urgency or importance.

Overall, “have to” is a versatile phrase that can be used to express a variety of meanings, including obligation, necessity, compulsion, hypothetical situations, and strong desires or needs.

Here is a list of some phrases with the use of “have to”:

• have to go
• have to do
• have to be
• have to get
• have to make
• have to see
• have to talk to
• have to pay
• have to work
• have to study
• have to help
• have to clean
• have to cook

These phrases can be used to talk about a variety of things, such as obligations, chores, errands, appointments, and goals. For example:

• I have to go to the store.
• You have to do your homework.
• She has to be at work by 8am.
• We have to get the kids to school.
• He has to make dinner.
• They have to see the doctor.
• I have to talk to my boss.
• You have to pay the rent.
• They have to work hard to get good grades.
• I have to study for my exam.
• She has to help her mother with the dishes.
• We have to clean the house.

“Have to” can also be used to express hypothetical situations or to give advice. For example:

• If you want to lose weight, you have to eat healthy and exercise regularly.
• You should have to go to the dentist twice a year.
• I have to go to the bank, but I don’t have time.

In these cases, “have to” is used to convey a sense of obligation or necessity, even if it is not something that we want to do.

Practice

Here is a dialogue using “have to”:

Person A: I have to go to the grocery store. Do you need anything?

Person B: Yes, please get me some milk and eggs.

Person A: Okay, I will. Is there anything else?

Person B: No, that’s all. Thanks!

Person A: You’re welcome.

Another dialogue:

Person A: I have to work late tonight. I’m really sorry, but I can’t go out with you.

Person B: It’s okay. I understand. You have to do what you have to do.

Person A: I know, but I’m still disappointed.

Person B: Maybe we can reschedule for another time?

Person A: That would be great. Thanks for being understanding.

In both of these dialogues, “have to” is used to express obligation or necessity. In the first dialogue, Person A has to go to the grocery store because they need food. In the second dialogue, Person A has to work late tonight because it is required by their job.

“Have to” can also be used to express hypothetical situations or to give advice. For example:

Person A: If you want to get good grades, you have to study hard.

Person B: I know, but I don’t like studying very much.

Person A: I know it’s not always fun, but it’s important.

In this dialogue, Person A is using “have to” to give Person B some advice. They are saying that if Person B wants to get good grades, then they need to study hard.

“Have to” is a very common phrase in English, and it can be used in a variety of contexts. It is important to be able to understand how to use “have to” correctly, as it is one of the most useful phrases in the English language.

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Loosing weight (Lecture)

Losing weight is important for a number of reasons. It can improve your physical and mental health, reduce your risk of chronic diseases, and help you live a longer, healthier life.

Here are some of the benefits of losing weight:

• Improved physical health: Losing weight can reduce your risk of developing chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and some types of cancer. It can also improve your blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar control.
• Improved mental health: Losing weight can improve your mood, boost your self-esteem, and reduce your stress levels. It can also help you to sleep better and have more energy.
• Reduced risk of injury: Losing weight can reduce your risk of injuries, such as joint injuries and muscle strains. It can also help you to recover more quickly from injuries.
• Increased lifespan: Losing weight can help you to live a longer, healthier life. Studies have shown that people who are overweight or obese are more likely to die prematurely than people who are at a healthy weight.

If you are overweight or obese, losing even a small amount of weight can make a big difference in your health. Even a 5% weight loss can improve your blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar control.

There are many different ways to lose weight. The best approach for you will depend on your individual needs and preferences. Some people may find it helpful to work with a doctor or registered dietitian to create a personalized weight loss plan.

Here are some general tips for losing weight:

• Eat a healthy diet: This means eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. It also means limiting processed foods, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats.
• Be physically active: Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise most days of the week.
• Create a calorie deficit: This means burning more calories than you consume each day. You can do this by eating less, exercising more, or both.
• Be patient and consistent: Losing weight takes time and effort. Don’t get discouraged if you don’t see results immediately. Just keep at it and you will eventually reach your goals.

Losing weight can be challenging, but it is worth it for the many health benefits that it can provide. If you are overweight or obese, talk to your doctor about the best way to lose weight for you.

Losing weight is important for a number of reasons. It can improve your physical and mental health, reduce your risk of chronic diseases, and help you live a longer, healthier life.

Here are some of the benefits of losing weight:

• Improved physical health: Losing weight can reduce your risk of developing chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and some types of cancer. It can also improve your blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar control.
• Improved mental health: Losing weight can improve your mood, boost your self-esteem, and reduce your stress levels. It can also help you to sleep better and have more energy.
• Reduced risk of injury: Losing weight can reduce your risk of injuries, such as joint injuries and muscle strains. It can also help you to recover more quickly from injuries.
• Increased lifespan: Losing weight can help you to live a longer, healthier life. Studies have shown that people who are overweight or obese are more likely to die prematurely than people who are at a healthy weight.

If you are overweight or obese, losing even a small amount of weight can make a big difference in your health. Even a 5% weight loss can improve your blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar control.

There are many different ways to lose weight. The best approach for you will depend on your individual needs and preferences. Some people may find it helpful to work with a doctor or registered dietitian to create a personalized weight loss plan.

Here are some general tips for losing weight:

• Eat a healthy diet: This means eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. It also means limiting processed foods, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats.
• Be physically active: Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise most days of the week.
• Create a calorie deficit: This means burning more calories than you consume each day. You can do this by eating less, exercising more, or both.
• Be patient and consistent: Losing weight takes time and effort. Don’t get discouraged if you don’t see results immediately. Just keep at it and you will eventually reach your goals.

Losing weight can be challenging, but it is worth it for the many health benefits that it can provide. If you are overweight or obese, talk to your doctor about the best way to lose weight for you.

Practice

Conversation 1

Person A: I’ve been wanting to get fit for a while now, but I’m not sure where to start.

Person B: That’s great! Getting fit is one of the best things you can do for your health. There are a lot of different ways to get started, so it’s important to find something that you enjoy and that fits into your lifestyle.

Person A: I’m not sure what I enjoy yet. I’ve tried going to the gym, but it’s not really my thing.

Person B: There are plenty of other ways to get fit without going to the gym. You could try running, swimming, biking, or hiking. You could also take a fitness class, such as yoga, Pilates, or Zumba.

Person A: I’m thinking about trying running. I’ve always liked being active, but I’ve never really been a runner.

Person B: That’s a great idea! Running is a great way to get in shape and it’s something you can do almost anywhere. Here are a few tips to get you started:

• Start slowly and gradually increase your distance and speed.
• Wear comfortable shoes and clothing.
• Run on a soft surface, such as a dirt trail or a track.
• Stay hydrated and eat a healthy diet.

Person A: Thanks for the tips! I’m excited to get started.

Conversation 2

Person A: I’ve been running for a few weeks now and I’m really enjoying it!

Person B: That’s great! I’m glad you’re finding something that you enjoy.

Person A: I’m thinking about setting a goal for myself, like running a 5K race.

Person B: That’s a great idea! Having a goal can help you stay motivated. Here are a few tips to help you reach your goal:

• Create a training plan and stick to it.
• Find a running partner or group to help you stay accountable.
• Listen to your body and take rest days when you need them.
• Don’t get discouraged if you don’t reach your goal right away. Just keep training and you will eventually get there.

Person A: Thanks for the tips! I’m feeling confident that I can reach my goal.

Person B: You’re welcome! I know you can do it!

I hope these two conversations help you to get started on your journey to getting fit!

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Pronunciation of T/D/TH

T is a voiceless alveolar stop consonant. This means that the tongue is placed behind the alveolar ridge (the bony ridge behind the upper teeth) and the vocal cords do not vibrate when the sound is produced. To pronounce t, place your tongue behind the alveolar ridge and say “t.”

D is a voiced alveolar stop consonant. This means that the tongue is placed behind the alveolar ridge and the vocal cords vibrate when the sound is produced. To pronounce d, place your tongue behind the alveolar ridge and say “d.”

Th is a voiceless dental fricative consonant. This means that the tongue is placed between the upper and lower teeth and the vocal cords do not vibrate when the sound is produced. There are two types of th sounds:

• Unvoiced dental fricative: This is the sound of th in the words “thin” and “bath.” To produce this sound, place your tongue between your upper and lower teeth and blow air through your mouth.
• Voiced dental fricative: This is the sound of th in the words “this” and “father.” To produce this sound, place your tongue between your upper and lower teeth and say “th” while vibrating your vocal cords.

Here are some tips for pronouncing t, d, and th correctly:

• Make sure that your tongue is in the correct position for each sound.
• Pay attention to the voicing of each sound. Voiceless sounds are produced without vibrating the vocal cords, while voiced sounds are produced with vibrating the vocal cords.
• Practice saying words and sentences that contain these sounds.

Here are some examples of words and sentences that contain the sounds t, d, and th:

• T: thin, thick, tough, talk, test
• D: day, dog, dance, door, down
• Th: thin, thick, this, then, there